yes, but only b/c the package was compiled against a set of libraries that are known to be installed on a given distro. You may liken it to a Windows app that is compiled for Windows XP that does not run on Windows 7. There are cases where you'll find an app that is generic enough, or statically built so that the Linux version will run on most any Linux platform (like the Linux firefox binary that Mozilla provides, for example).
And if there is an Ubuntu package that you want for Fedora, for example, it is very likely you'll find it in Fedora's repos (and vice versa).

