Originally Posted by rikster
Something must have changed recently because I came across the same problem. I fixed it by adding the CCACHE_DIR variable to make.conf.
It seems previously that CCACHE_DIR was implicitly set when ccache was added to FEATURES. The old cache directory for portage was /var/tmp/ccache. Unfortunately, ccache -s checks the default directory which is $HOME/.ccache. You can either set CCACHE_DIR as an environment variable in your startup scripts or use my approach which was to switch the portage ccache over to /root/.ccache.
Steps to solve:
1) add CCACHE_DIR="/root/.ccache" to /etc/make.conf
2) ccache -z -C [clear cache and zero stats]
Now try emerging something and testing with ccache -s.