If you're really into compiling and understanding the nature of Linux and why certain things compile on certain distributions you might want to try LinuxFromScratch (LFS).
Basically, they take you step-by-step through compiling your own Linux distribution package-by-package. That way you will learn quite a lot, understand the dependancy factor and understand what's actually being utilised when compiling etc.
Best of all is, it's not really that hard because you just follow the steps. Gentoo is equally adequate though I suppose.
Whatever floats your boat
