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You should be able to install to an external hard drive connected by USB to a laptop. There are no right answers as far as partitioning is concerned, personally I try to keep things fairly simple ... root, home, swap, and a partition for user data.
You need to check if the laptop is capable of booting from USB, if it is then you should be able to install and run most distros that way.
Be careful during the install process that you don't install the bootloader to the internal hard drive or you will need to have the external drive connected to get your system to boot. |