Quote:
Originally Posted by kdhatt  Thank you Agent X,
I was wondring if someone will reply to me on thnis.
As I said I am totally new to this.
I have my files (pictures and word documents) etc that I need to copy/backup on my usb drive that I have attached to this computer.
Is this Nautilus on the desktop and I can explorer the drive?
Also do I need to type each line on terminal as mentioned by you and enter.
What these commands are suppose to do.
Sorry for my ignorance but I appreciate your help on this.
Thanks in advance. |
1. What is the size of the jumpdrive?
2. Nautilus is like Windows Explorer
3. It would be beneficial to use the terminal, as I don't feel like telling you how to use a ton of GUI programs.
4. The above commands will display text-based manuals, describing each command.
5. When you type in a command (or copy paste), yes you hit enter. Sometimes, though, command can be automatically put in through a paste command. That's why I tend to like manually typing things unless I'm
fully aware of what the pasted code is going to do.
Typically when someone says, "man programx" that person is telling you to look at the manual for that program.
To access the manual using such a command as "man programx" you type it into the terminal and hit enter.
The manuals can get dense, and sometimes need to be reread.
The most dangerous one would be the .. I think it's the cp (copy) if you're not careful.
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First thing, Ubuntu isn't too different from Windows. It's just a bunch of underlying code and hardware managing that makes a difference.
I'm going to describe a more thorough way of doing this.
A person probably could use
But, you'll learn something more using the terminal.
Plus, if you really don't know what you're doing, I think the command lines will provide more direction.
Also, you never know when Linux is going to backtalk you, saying you can't do something.
The command-line often gives more detail about what is happening to and inside a computer.
I think a person will eventually be using these commands again as he or she becomes more experienced.
First thing you want to do is learn what terminal is.
That's going to happen quickly.
First find the panelbar/taskbar that has "Applications"
Applications >> accessories >> terminal
Afterwards, I want you to type this:
Whatever has NTFS is most likely a partition with your data.
Copy the results and post them here.
Also, with the above post I gave you, type the individual lines into the terminal.
Each one will discuss a topic that has to do with Linux and managing filesystems. The cdrecord one has to do with controlling a CD burner. I think mkisofs deals with controlling a DVD burner.
that would be...
man mkisofs
Major thing to learn about Linux is that a lot of people like using the Terminal (also called Konsole/Console) [It's just a command-line box (like DOS but more powerful)] to control the software/hardware/system things with Linux.
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Quote:
| Here's what I think you really need to do: |
Prediscussion:
I. You need to develop a plan
a. Depending on how much you plan on copying, you'll be using some possible devices.
1. DVD or CD
2. Jumpdrive
3. iomegas
4. Tape
5. Internet server (plz don't tell me you like mainframes)
6. Who knows; pick a card.
II. You need to know how to enact upon that option
a) if you're going to use a CD or DVD to copy the data, then you'll need to know how cdrecord and/or mkisofs work.
-- ab) I suppose you'll want to use a Live-USB with Ubuntu on it for that kind of scenario.
b) Or you could be sneaky by resizing the slave, creating multiple partitions, moving the partition with data to another partition, and put a version of Ubuntu on the first partition, and set in BIOS to boot to the slave; from there, copy the data to the a CD/DVD/flash.
* The problem with b is that typically people want to back up their data first, which makes this a stupid/unsafe/but optional decision. It's not that unsafe, but I have had problems with gparted, which is in the Ubuntu Live-CD, in the past.
c) You copy all the data to a jumpdrive or other external source
After that, I suspect you'll have your data on a storage medium, and you can choose to do whatever.
LET'S GET STARTED:
Reboot the computer without the jumpdrive in it.
Have the Live-CD already in the tray.
Don't put the jumpdrive in yet.
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1. Understand the Linux filesystem hierarchy
Knowing that helps you go really far, really fast. Basically, know the foldertree system or whatever people want to call it these days.
http://tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem...tml/index.html
In Ubuntu, sometimes things are mounted to the /media/ folder
Other times, you'll be mounting things to your desktop.
The /media/ folder becomes more important during an actual HDD install.
During Live-CD mode, for new users, it often pertains to external media devices.
The mounting folder can be different in other Linux operating systems.
We'll employ /media in a little more detail later on.
For now, get some experience with nautilus.
Want a way to use Nautilus?
Use the terminal and type in:
That will give you nautilus, but closing the terminal (which executed and believes nautilus is now an extension of it) will also close nautilus. You can reopen it by repeating by opening terminal and typing in "nautilus" again.
Or you could go to Places >> Home Folder
Places is located on the top panelbar
++++++++
Quick discussion on nautilus, which is like Windows explorer.
1. You really can't tamper with many folders besides /home/ubuntu/ at the moment.
In other words, most folder except your home folder (like your folder in Documents and Settings) can't be tampered with.
And like Windows, it can't be played with unless you're the administrator.
Now, since you should be in nautilus as the user "ubuntu" we'll talk about what you'll be doing next.
Sometimes you have the left-side panel; sometimes you don't.
You could go through "view" >> side pane (maybe f9 does it, too) and see if you can toggle it.
Regardless, you can do the following...
type this:
/media/
A box, like a mozilla firefox/internet explorer search bar should have accepted what you typed.
Afterwards, hit enter.
If not, then you could double click on "File System" in the side pane. From there, go to the folder labeled "media".
It should bring you to the /media/ folder
You might see devices listed there.
If not, that means
you didn't activate them yet.
Oh, the computer sees them. I know this to be true.
However, the computer typically looks at a local drive like a beautiful woman.
But you need to influence it to talk to the beautiful woman.
Don't do this yet,
just take a look with your eyes, not a double-click: If you have the side-pane open, then you can most likely double-click on the drive/partition that has your data.
Now, if there isn't anything in your sidepanel relating to a hard drive or partition, this means you're having a kernel/module problem.
And that is a whole different story. Otherwise, Nautilus is being stupid. If that's the case,
sudo fdisk -l in the terminal should reveal the current truth about your current hardware storage devices.
You can identify this if you understand how to identify the max amount of memory available (not free space, but kind of like how much hypothetical space in whole there would be if no data were present)
More about this HDD identification...
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2. Understand how disks and partitions are labeled in Linux
This is the part where you'll want to reference to the output of...
Sometimes I combine the usage of terminal with nautilus. This allows me to double-check my work and make sure that nautilus isn't acting like a stupid GUI that doesn't refresh well enough.
a. HDDs can be either sda or hda
-- ab. They'll be listed )if you have partitions) in
hda1 (first partition)
hda2 (second part.)
Something like that.
b. The other problems is that a lot of other storage devices can be called sda, sdb, or hdb.
I'm going to assume a second drive (as a slave) would be hdb or sdb.
c. You need to know how to tell the difference by using "sudo fdisk -l"
man fdisk
Don't have an open terminal? Get another one opened.
d. You need to be able to already understand how memory is allocated to storage devices: That helps determine what the output of fdisk is.
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3. Time to "mount" the devices
* Quick note: mount is for ; ntfs-3g is for ntfs format.
The next few steps depend on how you want to transfer stuff.
Since you have a jumpdrive, we'll talk jumpdrives.
Open a terminal and insert this
This line makes folder on your desktop:
Code:
mkdir $HOME/Desktop/agentx
Quote:
When mounting a drive, you need to mount its hardware position to a logical position.
This is often achieved by creating a folder (which will act as the logical position) to direct the hardware position to.
For a Live-CD, you're most likely going to direct the hardware position to a logical position on your user desktop.
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Next ...
Insert your jumpdrive
It should be automatically mounted after being inserted: a thing called
udev takes care of this
* udev should now have mounted your jumpdrive to /media/disk
Use terminal
This line makes a folder on your jumpdrive:
Quote:
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mkdir /media/disk/linuxforums
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Alright, now...
--- Compare it to the previous sudo fdisk -l
You should be able to identify which device is the jumpdrive
the /dev folder has a history of its own.
at the moment, we'll say it's like the /dev of a device is the hardware representation of it
so...
/dev/hdb1 would be the hardware representation of a possible second HDD's first partition
With a jumpdrive, it could /dev/sdc if you've got two HDDs in your box.
But that's if both are being recognized. If both aren't being recognized, it might be /dev/sdb1
Regardless, jumpdrives are often automatically mounted from their /dev position to a folder that logically represents them
So, let's say sudo fdisk -l led you to believe the jumpdrive is now /dev/sdb1
dev = device (I think)
In other words, the OS mounts it from...
/dev/sdb1 to /media/disk
If you wanted to unmount the jumpdrive, you would have to do this:
An important thing to notice here is that the ./disk folder belongs to
you, the user ubuntu.
But the /dev/sdb1 does not belong to you, because /dev (the hardware representation) belongs to the root user.
So, in a sense, you have an idea of what the /media folder is and what the /dev stuff is about.
However, you could always tell it to go fly a kite by pulling out the USB jumpdrive.
Not recommended to pull it out without unmounting, though, because that leads to a possible data damage.
Linux is picky and unlike windows: You really, really should manually unmount a device before pulling it out.
Reason(s):
1. Just because it looks like data isn't being transferred
does not mean data is done transferring.
2. Sometimes data is just lost for who knows why. Maybe Linux wasn't done accessing it in the first place.
3. By now, you've put a folder on the jumpdrive, and that means you have accessed the jumpdrive and you might damage it.
If you unmounted your jumpdrive, pull it out and put it back in.
-- Otherwise, just continue.
Now, you need to mount that NTFS partition.
I hope you've identified which /dev/* it is: sudo fdisk -l
Quote:
Remember, it's up to you to figure out how the Linux OS is determining your internal and external drives.
What I've said so far may be confusing, which is why you, the reader, need to think critically.
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Next, you're going to be using sudo.
replace /dev/xxx with the correct xxx you have.
There should be no slash after the xxx!
/dev/xxx/ <-- no
/dev/xxx <-- yes
Quote:
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sudo ntfs-3g /dev/hda1 /home/ubuntu/Desktop/agentx
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4. It's the Final Countdown
Now, you should be able to go to your desktop and go into the agentx folder, which contains the NTFS partition.
HOWEVER, let's go into the folder labeled "disk" on the desktop.
It should be there.
That's your jumpdrive.
The explorer window system you are in is called nautilus.
Go into the folder "linuxforums"
Now, things are going to be like Windows or other operating systems.
You're going to copy files from one area to the other.
In other words, things are going to be more simple.
Go into the agentx folder on the Desktop and browse through.
You should see the contents of whatever is in that NTFS partition.
Start collecting stuff, right-clicking to copy, and pasting to the transference folder.
WARNING: The NTFS folder is not read-only.
Don't do anything stupid.
When you're done, right click on the "disk" folder, which should be on the desktop.
Click "eject" if it's there, or click "unmount" if it's there.
It could be a variety of terms, because the ubuntu versions jack things around.
Basically, you're unmounting your device.
You could do it in terminal instead with your new experience...
Wait until you get to the next
and that let's you know that the command was executed correctly.
After unmounting the jumpdrive, remount it (also known as put it back in) and check to see what you copied to it is actually there.
Afterwards, unmount it again.
And uh, that should be pretty good.
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Tags: backup data, ntfs-3g, data recovery, mount, umount, fdisk, slave drive,
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